New EU report calls for urgent action to reverse soil degradation in Europe

Soil, the often-overlooked backbone of our planet, is facing a crisis. Across Europe, soil degradation is threatening our food security, biodiversity, and climate resilience. A recent report, "The 2024 State of Soils in Europe", paints a stark picture of the challenges we face.

Soil erosion, nutrient imbalances, and organic carbon loss are widespread issues that impact agricultural productivity and environmental health. The degradation of peatlands, vital carbon sinks, further exacerbates the problem. These challenges are compounded by unsustainable agricultural practices, climate change, and pollution.

For example, overall soil erosion is estimated to amount to 1 billion tonnes per year across the EU. At present date, approximately a quarter (24%) of EU soils are affected by water erosion, mainly in cropland, with projections referring to a possible increase of 13-25% by 2050. Unsustainable water erosion affects about a third (32%) of agricultural land. The mechanical agitation of soil, a common practice in agriculture, can also initiate soil degradation. This phenomenon, called tillage erosion, can have a significant impact on cultivated fields. Other forms of erosion include wind erosion and crop harvesting, among others.

Nutrient imbalances are also on the rise: they are now estimated to affect 74% of agricultural land. These changes to the composition of soil can have negative consequences. For example, nitrogen surplus is increasing and can be harmful to human health, crops, ecosystems, and the climate.

Outside the EU, the situation is similarly dire – particularly in Ukraine, where military activities have caused severe soil destruction. Over 10 million of Ukraine’s 60 million hectares of land are estimated to be degraded because of Russia’s invasion.

The EU is taking significant steps to address these issues. The EU Soil Observatory, the EU Soil Monitoring Law, the Common Agricultural Policy, and the EU Soil Mission are all contributing to the restoration and protection of European soils.

Why Soil Health Matters for Potato Production

Healthy soil is crucial for optimal potato growth and yield. It provides essential nutrients, water, and physical support for plant development. Well-structured soil improves drainage, aeration, and root development, leading to healthier plants and higher yields. Moreover, healthy soil can naturally suppress pests and diseases, reducing the need for harmful chemical inputs.

By investing in soil health, we can ensure the long-term sustainability of potato production and protect our planet for future generations.